Dorian Jekyll and Horror Subtypes

​This post originally appeared in Deborah’s blog and is used here with permission. Read on to see how Dorian Gray is similar to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and about horror tropes and conventions.

Writing The Midnight Files [formerly on Kindle Vella, currently unpublished] has had some interesting effects on the way I view stories.

For those of you who aren’t familiar with it, the basic premise of The Midnight Files is that story genres invade the real world, changing how it functions to match story conventions. To set the world right, the Agency sends in agents who kill or unravel the story, often by using its own conventions against it. Or, to put it another way: The Midnight Files is basically TVtropes.org mashed with Supernatural with guest stars from every popular novel/movie/videogame.
 
One of the things the Agency does to help its agents defeat story genres is categorizing them into not only genre but strain, type, subtype, and variant. (Genres are described as “infecting” the real world, so I use some infection vocabulary.)
 
For example, in Agency parlance:
 
The Haunting of Hill House: Horror genre, House strain (Decadent variant), Malevolent type
 
Five Nights at Freddy’s: Horror genre, Rules strain, Survive-One-Night type (Multiple Nights variant), Animatronic subtype
 
Sherlock Holmes: Mystery genre, Private Detective strain (Impersonal variant), Deductive type
 
Labyrinth: Fantasy genre, Coming-of-Age strain, Fairytale type, Challenge subtype
 
I try to create these categories based on what is most impactful to the nature of how the story plays out, based on patterns I see when related to other stories. For example, in horror, location often defines a story’s tropes more than the villain does: a horror ghost story that takes place in a house will be more similar to a cursed-mirror story that takes place in a house than it will be to a ghost story that takes place somewhere other than a house.
 
Part of the effect of breaking down story tropes in this manner is that sometimes I realize that stories I thought of as fairly different are actually fairly similar. At the moment, I’m writing a Gothic Horror in the style of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and I noticed two things:

1. Gothic Horror and Gothic Romance that take place in an Ancestral Estate are more similar to each other than they are to other types of Gothic in either genre.
2. Jekyll and Hyde is basically the same story as The Picture of Dorian Gray, except for the differences caused by the moral values of the protagonists.

 
I address the first point somewhat in the story, so I’ll tackle the second here, because I think it’s, well, interesting.
 
First of all, I would categorize both stories as: Horror genre, Gothic strain, Duality type. Here are some broad summaries:
 
Jekyll and Hyde: A man with secretly decadent habits makes a drug to cure his boredom. This drug makes him transform into an evil version of himself. The evil version is happier than the kind version and intrigues the kind version. In fact, the kind version realizes he’d be happier if he stayed as the evil version permanently. However, when he realizes the evil version is actually going to become permanent, the kind version repents and kills himself rather than let the evil permanently take hold.
 
Dorian Gray: A man discovers the pleasure of decadent habits and indulges his evil side more and more. A portrait of him transfers the effects of his evil onto itself, allowing him to dodge the effects of his evil. At one point, he realizes that he has become evil, but decides he likes it too much to give it up and decides to keep it permanently. When he sees the evidence of his evil in the portrait, he tries to get rid of the evidence by stabbing it, which ends up killing him instead.
 
If I were to create a template for a generic version of these stories, it would look like this:
 
In a Gothic Horror style: A man is tempted by decadence. Given a magical means, he is able to indulge his evil side without being caught. However, the evidence and power of his evil eventually catch up with him. If he is, at heart, a moral man, he will kill himself rather than let the evil spread. If he is, at heart, an immoral man, he attempts to kill the evil rather than let it incriminate him (and in doing so, accidentally kills himself instead).
 
The detailed categories of each would end up looking like this:
 
Jekyll and Hyde: Horror genre, Gothic strain, Duality type (Moral variant), Transformation subtype
​
Dorian Gray: Horror genre, Gothic strain, Duality type (Immoral variant), Magical Object subtype
 
Overall, Jekyll and Hyde would be not much changed if it utilized a magical portrait instead of a scientific potion, and Dorian Gray would not be much changed if Dorian physically transformed. More important is the fact that Dorian was, at heart, a really horrible person through and through, and Jekyll had some redeeming qualities. Despite this, for years I have thought of the two stories as quite different, not because of the nature of the protagonists, but because of the sort of magic/science used to effect the plot. Which is, I suppose, a lesson more on the importance of window dressing than on anything else. . . .
 
In any case, if looking at and breaking down stories like this helps you at all, I recommend giving it a try! It isn’t perfect by any means, but it can be both useful and fun if your brain works that way.

As an Amazon associate, we earn from qualifying purchases.

Deborah J. Natelson

Deborah lives in Montana with two pretty black kitties. She is the author of Bargaining Power, a smart, twisty fantasy thriller; and various other books. Her author website is www.deborahjnatelson.com.